New research shows that water temperatures in and around Australia's Great Barrier Reef have risen to their warmest in 400 years over the past 10 years.新研究表明，过去10年来，澳大利亚大堡礁及其周边地区的水温已升至400年来的最高气温。 The rising temperatures have put the world's largest reef under threat.气温上升使世界上最大的珊瑚礁受到威胁。 The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest living ecosystem.大堡礁是世界上最大的生物生态系统。 It stretches for 2,400 kilometers off the coast of the northern state of Queensland.它在北部昆士兰州海岸外绵延2400公里。 A group of scientists at universities across Australia removed core samples from the coral.澳大利亚各大学的一组科学家从珊瑚中提取了核心样本。 They examined the samples to measure summer ocean temperatures going back to the year 1618.他们检查了样本，测量了1618年以来的夏季海洋温度。 The scientists combined information from core samples with ship and satellite data going back around 100 years.科学家们将核心样本的信息与大约100年前的船只和卫星数据结合起来。 The results show that ocean temperatures were unchanged for hundreds of years.结果显示，海洋温度数百年来一直没有变化。 But starting in 1900, the ocean temperatures began to rise.但从1900年开始，海洋温度开始上升。 The research found that this is the result of human influence.研究发现，这是人类影响的结果。 From 1960 to 2024, the study's writers observed an average yearly warming for January to March of 0.12 degrees Celsius per decade.从1960年到2024年，该研究的作者观察到1月至3月平均每年变暖0.12摄氏度。 Since 2016, the reef has experienced five summers of mass coral bleaching.自2016年以来，该珊瑚礁已经经历了五个夏天的大规模珊瑚白化。 This is when large parts of the reef turn white due to heat stress.这时，热应力导致大部分珊瑚礁变白。 This also puts the coral at greater risk of death.这也使珊瑚面临更大的死亡风险。 The mass bleaching events happened during five of the six warmest years in the last four centuries, the study showed.研究表明，大规模白化事件发生在过去四个世纪中最温暖的六年中的五年。 This research appeared on August 8 in the publication Nature.这项研究于8月8日发表在《自然》杂志上。 "The world is losing one of its icons," said Benjamin Henley.本杰明·亨利说：“世界正在失去一个象征。” He is with the University of Melbourne and is one of the study's co-writers.他在墨尔本大学工作，也是该研究的合著者之一。 "I find that to be an absolute tragedy.“我发现这绝对是一场悲剧。 It's hard to understand how that can happen on our watch in our lifetime.很难理解在我们的有生之年，这种情况怎么会发生。 So it's very sad," Henley added.所以这很可悲，”亨利补充道。 The last temperature measurement, from January to March of this year, was the highest on record.今年1月至3月的最后一次气温测量是有记录以来的最高气温。 Henley added that it was "head and shoulders" above any other year, meaning it was much higher.亨利补充说，这一数字“遥遥领先”，这意味着它要高得多。 Coral reefs are important for many reasons.珊瑚礁之所以重要，有很多原因。 They protect shorelines from erosion.它们保护海岸线免受侵蚀。 They are home to thousands of kinds of fish.它们是数千种鱼类的家园。 And they are an important part of the tourism industry in many countries.它们是许多国家旅游业的重要组成部分。 In Australia, the Great Barrier Reef adds $4.2 billion to the economy each year.在澳大利亚，大堡礁每年为经济带来42亿美元的增长。 At least 54 countries and areas have experienced mass bleaching of their reefs since February 2023, as climate change warms the ocean's surface waters.自2023年2月以来，由于气候变化使海洋表层海水变暖，至少54个国家和地区的珊瑚礁出现了大规模白化。 That information comes from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.这些信息来自美国国家海洋和大气管理局。 I'm Anna Matteo.安娜·马特奥为您播报。